Conversion, Detinue, and Trespass to Chattels:

Question: Do I have a trespass to chattels claim in Ontario if someone interfered with my car or other personal belongings without taking them?

Answer: If someone wrongfully interferes with your personal belongings but you still retain possession, you may have a trespass to chattels claim in Ontario, since chattels are movable personal property (such as cars, household items, goods, pets, and other detached belongings) and the key difference from conversion or detinue is that the chattel is not removed or you are not deprived of possession.   For actionable next steps, gather photos, dates, any damage, witness details, and proof of ownership or rightful possession, then get a paralegal review of the facts and potential damages such as actual devaluation, possible general damages for distress, and potentially punitive damages if conduct was egregious.   SFG Paralegal Services LLP can help you assess whether your situation fits trespass to chattels and what to do next, so call (888) 398-0121 for an Ontario-focused intake.

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Wrongful Interference With Personal Belongings

The tort of trespass to chattels involves wrongful interference with chattels whereas the legal definition of chattels involves personal property objects that are unattached to land; and accordingly, a chattel may include items such as automobiles, aircraft, watercraft, household furnishings, artwork, moveable machinery, goods or stock of commercial inventory, pets and livestock, among various other belongings.

The Law

Trespass to chattels is similar to conversion and detinue whereas all three relate to wrongful interference with a chattel; however, the distinguishing nuance with trespass to chattels is that the object remains in possession or control of the owner or person with rightful possession which differs from conversion and detinue where the owner or person with rightful possession is deprived of possession.  Perhaps the easiest way to explain the difference is to use the criminal law term in that conversion or detinue may arise from theft (criminal law term) of the object, being interference by removing the chattel from the possession of the rightful owner or person with right of possession and trespass to chattels may arise from vandalism (criminal law term) being interference without removal of the chattel.

The elements necessary to give rise to the tort of trespass to chattels were well articulated in Ontario Consumers Home Services v. Enercare Inc., 2014 ONSC 4154, where it was stated:

Claimable Damages

Where chattels, such as an automobile as a personal belonging, or other thing, is harmed per the law of trespass to chattels, a lawsuit may make claim for the resulting actual loss suffered, meaning the devaluation of the object as a result of the harm to the object.  Furthermore, depending on the circumstances, especially where the trespass was troublesome and emotionally disruptive, general damages may be appropriate; and additionally, where the trespass was intentional or egregiously malicious, punitive damages may be applicable.

Conclusion

The tort of trespass to chattels is found within the family of interference torts which include, among others, the torts of conversion and detinue.  The key difference with the tort of trespass to chattels and the tort of conversion or the tort of detinue, is that with trespass to chattels, the chattels, meaning goods or personal belongings, remain with the rightful owner or person with rightful possession.